Asphalt Shingle Roofing in USA

When it comes to roof installation our company stands out for its expertise, quality materials, and commitment to customer satisfaction. Installing a new roof is a significant investment, which is why we prioritize creating durable and aesthetically pleasing roofs tailored to your home's architectural style and your personal preferences. Our team of skilled roofing professionals employs modern techniques and adheres to the highest industry standards. We work closely with you to choose the right materials, including asphalt shingles, metal, tiles, or eco-friendly options, ensuring your roof is not only functional but also enhances your property's curb appeal. Moreover, we provide a comprehensive consultation process, keeping you informed about every step—from selecting materials to installation timelines. Our attention to detail and focus on safety ensures a seamless installation experience. With our company, you not only get an expertly installed roof but also peace of mind knowing you’re backed by a reputable team .

Time takes a toll on even the most robust roofing systems. If your roof is showing signs of severe wear and tear, such as leaks or missing shingles, it may be time for a roof replacement. At Roofing and repair, we are your premier roof replacement specialists . Our expert team conducts thorough assessments to determine the extent of the damage and deliver customized solutions to meet your specific needs. Opting for roof replacement offers enhanced energy efficiency, and increased property value, and can protect your home against severe weather conditions. With our vast selection of high-quality materials, we ensure that your new roof not only meets your functional requirements but also enhances your home’s exterior. Trust our experienced professionals to handle your roof replacement project with integrity and precision, guaranteeing a seamless transition and outstanding results.

Roof repairs are essential for maintaining the safety and integrity of your home. Whether you’re facing minor leaks or extensive damage, Roofing and repair is here to help with expert roof repair services . Our skilled technicians utilize advanced techniques to identify and address issues quickly, ensuring your roof is restored to its optimal condition. We pride ourselves on our attention to detail and customer service. Each repair job is approached with the same level of care and expertise, ensuring longevity and reliability. We also recognize that roofing emergencies can occur at any time, which is why we offer emergency roof repair services. With Roofing and repair, you can trust that your roof is in capable hands, and we will work diligently to restore its function and appearance in no time.

Regular roof inspections are vital for prolonging the life of your roofing system. At Roofing and repair, we provide thorough roof inspections to identify potential issues before they escalate into costly repairs. Our skilled inspectors are trained to detect the subtle signs of distress that can compromise your roof’s performance. During our detailed inspections, we investigate every component of your roofing system, including shingles, flashing, gutters, and ventilation. Our comprehensive reports and recommendations empower you to make informed decisions about repair or maintenance needs. By choosing Roofing and repair, you are ensuring peace of mind knowing that your roof is being assessed by knowledgeable professionals who prioritize your safety and investment.

Metal roofing is gaining popularity among homeowners due to its durability, energy efficiency, and modern aesthetic. At Roofing and repair, we offer professional metal roofing installation services that cater to both residential and commercial buildings. Our knowledgeable team understands the unique benefits of metal roofing and is prepared to provide you with a durable solution that lasts a lifetime. With a variety of styles such as standing seam, corrugated, and metal tiles, you can select a design that complements your property's architecture. Metal roofing is also environmentally friendly and can significantly reduce your energy bills. Our installation process ensures that your roof will withstand severe weather and provide optimum performance, making it a worthwhile investment. Choose Roofing and repair for expert metal roofing installation and experience the advantages firsthand.

Tile roofing is recognized for its unique aesthetic appeal and exceptional durability, making it an excellent choice for many homeowners . Our tile roofing installation services highlight craftsmanship and attention to detail, ensuring a beautiful finish that can withstand the test of time. Available in myriad colors and styles, tile roofing not only enhances curb appeal but also improves energy efficiency and sound insulation. We emphasize the importance of proper installation to avoid common pitfalls associated with tile roofs, so you can be confident that your investment is protected. Trust our expert team to deliver superior tile roofing solutions tailored to your home’s specific needs.

Slate roofing offers unparalleled elegance and durability, ideal for homeowners seeking a timeless roofing solution. Our slate roofing services encompass installation, maintenance, and repair, catering to the unique challenges and requirements that slate brings. Known for its longevity, slate can last over a century when properly installed. Our experienced technicians use premium slate materials and ensure precise installation to enhance both the beauty and functionality of your roof. We provide comprehensive consultations to help you understand the benefits and maintenance needs of a slate roof. Choose us for bespoke slate roofing solutions that add charm and value to your home.

Flat roofing is an evolving and popular choice for both residential and commercial properties. Our expertise in flat roofing covers a range of materials and techniques from traditional tar and gravel to modern membranes like TPO and EPDM. Flat roofs are a practical choice, providing additional usable space and a modern aesthetic. Our team works diligently to ensure that flat roofs are properly installed with effective drainage solutions to prevent pooling and leaks. We offer comprehensive services, from initial installation to maintenance and repair, ensuring that your flat roof remains in top condition for years to come. Regular inspections and maintenance are vital for extending the lifespan of flat roofing, and our team is dedicated to providing quality support in this regard. Choose us for your flat roofing solutions for unbeatable quality and reliability.

Rubber roofing, particularly EPDM and TPO, has gained traction for its durability and eco-friendliness. Our rubber roofing services encompass both installation and repairs, safeguarding your property with high-performance materials. EPDM is favored for its longevity and resistance to UV rays, while TPO offers energy-efficient properties that can lead to lower utility bills. Our team specializes in assessing your unique requirements to recommend the best rubber roofing solution for your home or business. Choosing us ensures a professional installation that adheres to the highest industry standards, providing you with a reliable and sustainable roofing option.

For homeowners looking for a unique, natural aesthetic, wood shake roofing is an attractive option. Our company specializes in the installation and maintenance of wood shake roofs, providing you with a product that enhances your home’s beauty while offering excellent insulation properties. Each wood shake roof we install is crafted from high-quality materials, ensuring longevity and resistance to decay when properly maintained. Our experts understand the importance of correct installation techniques to maximize the lifespan of wood roofing. Trust us for personalized service that emphasizes quality and customer satisfaction every step of the way.

Leaks can cause significant damage to your home if not addressed promptly. Our roof leak repair services are designed to identify and remedy leaks quickly and effectively, protecting your home from water damage and mold growth. We utilize advanced leak detection methods, including infrared thermography and moisture meters, to locate leaks accurately. Our skilled professionals will provide a thorough inspection of your roof, identifying problem areas and implementing effective solutions to prevent future leaks. We understand that leaks can occur at any time, which is why we offer emergency leak repair services. Our team is available to respond at a moment’s notice, restoring your roof’s integrity swiftly. For effective and reliable roof leak repair in USA, trust our dedicated team of professionals who prioritize your safety and satisfaction.

Storms can wreak havoc on your roofing system, leading to significant damage and costly repairs if not addressed quickly. Our storm damage roof repair services are designed to provide homeowners with prompt assistance following severe weather events. We offer emergency inspections and repairs, ensuring that your roof is safe and secure after a storm. Our skilled team is trained to identify and repair storm-related damage, whether it be missing shingles, structural issues, or water leaks. We use high-quality materials and techniques to restore your roof to its pre-storm condition. Choosing our company for storm damage repairs means you’ll receive prompt service and a commitment to quality that puts your needs first. We understand the urgency of the situation and work diligently to protect your home from further damage.

Regular roof maintenance and cleaning are crucial for extending the life of your roofing system. Our roof maintenance services ensure that potential issues are identified early and addressed before they escalate into costly repairs. We recommend a comprehensive roof maintenance program that includes inspections, cleaning, and necessary repairs. Our team is equipped to handle debris removal, moss and algae cleaning, and routine inspections to keep your roof in top shape. By investing in regular maintenance, you can enjoy peace of mind knowing that your roof is well-kept and functioning optimally. Our commitment to quality ensures that your roofing system can withstand the challenges of weather and time.

Gutters play a vital role in protecting your home from water damage, and our gutter installation and repair services in USA ensure your system functions optimally. We offer a variety of gutter styles and materials to suit your needs and preferences. Proper installation and maintenance are key to preventing leaks and clogs that can affect your roof and foundation. Our experienced team provides expert installations and can repair existing gutters efficiently to restore their functionality. With our focus on quality workmanship and customer satisfaction, you can trust us to safeguard your home against water damage.

Proper roof ventilation is essential for maintaining a healthy environment in your attic and improving your home’s energy efficiency. Our roof ventilation installation services in USA are designed to prevent heat buildup and moisture accumulation that can lead to structural damage and increased energy costs. We provide a range of solutions, including ridge vents, soffit vents, and turbine vents, tailored to meet the specific needs of your home. Our skilled technicians conduct thorough assessments to determine the best ventilation solution for your property, ensuring a comfortable living space year-round. Trust us for knowledgeable installation and exceptional service.

Skylights can transform your living space by introducing natural light, enhancing aesthetics and energy efficiency. Our skilled team specializes in skylight installation and repair services ensuring a seamless integration with your existing roof structure. We offer a variety of skylight options, including fixed, vented, and tubular skylights, designed to meet diverse needs. Proper installation is crucial to prevent leaks and condensation issues, which is why our experts take great care in their work. Whether you're looking to install new skylights or repair existing ones, choose us for exceptional quality and service paired with an eye for design.

Chimney flashing is a critical component of your roofing system, designed to prevent water leaks where the chimney meets the roof. Our chimney flashing repair services focus on maintaining the integrity of your roof and preventing costly water damage. Our team conducts thorough inspections to assess the condition of your chimney flashing, identifying any gaps or deterioration that could lead to leaks. We use high-quality materials and professional techniques to ensure a watertight seal, protecting your home from moisture intrusion. Why choose us for chimney flashing repair? Our commitment to quality ensures that your roof remains safe and functional. Our experienced professionals prioritize your needs and provide timely solutions that safeguard your home against water damage.

Roof coating and sealing provide an essential layer of protection for your roofing system, extending its lifespan and improving energy efficiency. Our roof coating and sealing services offer solutions that enhance your roof’s function while minimizing maintenance costs. We use premium roof coatings that reflect UV rays and provide a waterproof barrier, reducing energy consumption and protecting against the elements. Our skilled team applies these coatings meticulously, ensuring complete coverage and a long-lasting bond. When you opt for our roof coating services, you’re investing in the future of your roofing system. We are dedicated to quality and customer satisfaction, ensuring that your roof remains in excellent condition for years to come.

Solar energy is rapidly becoming a sustainable choice for homeowners, and our solar panel roofing installation services make it easier than ever to harness this resource. We specialize in integrating solar panels with your existing roofing system, ensuring both efficiency and aesthetics. Our team conducts thorough assessments to determine the ideal placement and type of solar panels that maximize energy production tailored to your property. By choosing us, you benefit from our expertise in solar technology and roofing best practices, resulting in a seamless installation that adds value to your home while reducing your energy bills. In addition, our ongoing maintenance services ensure your solar systems continue to perform effectively. For a brighter, greener future, trust us for solar panel roofing installation .

Eco-friendly roofing solutions are a great way to reduce your carbon footprint while enhancing your home’s energy efficiency. Our company specializes in providing sustainable roofing options, including cool roofing, green roofs, and recycled materials. We work with you to find the best eco-friendly materials and designs that suit your style and energy needs. Our green roofing options not only minimize environmental impact but also save you money on utilities over time. Our expert installation teams ensure that your eco-friendly roof is installed correctly, with attention to detail and longevity, positioning your home as an environmentally responsible choice in the community. When considering eco-friendly roofing solutions trust our commitment to sustainability and quality.

Protecting your roof from water damage is essential for maintaining its integrity and prolonging its lifespan. Our roof waterproofing services offer comprehensive solutions designed to keep your roof watertight and secure against the elements. Using advanced waterproofing techniques and high-quality materials, our skilled team applies protective layers that seal your roofing system against moisture intrusion. Whether your roof is flat or sloped, we customize our waterproofing solutions to meet your specific requirements. By choosing us for waterproofing services, you’re investing in the protection of your home. Our commitment to quality ensures that your roof remains safe and functioning optimally for years to come.

Emergencies can happen at any time, and swift action is crucial to minimizing damage. Our emergency roof repair services in USA are available around the clock to address urgent roof issues. Whether it's after a storm, falling debris, or an unexpected leak, our trained professionals are on standby to respond promptly. We assess the situation quickly and efficiently, implementing temporary solutions until permanent repairs can be made. Our commitment to customer service means we communicate clearly and transparently throughout the process, ensuring your home remains secure during unexpected crises. For trusted emergency roof repair services rely on our dedicated team to provide swift and effective solutions whenever you need them.

Choosing the right roofing services for your new construction project in USA is crucial for ensuring a solid and long-lasting structure. Our specialized team works closely with builders and homeowners to deliver high-quality roofing tailored to your new property’s specifications. We offer a variety of roofing materials to suit your design preferences and budget, including asphalt shingles, metal, and tile. Our experience with local building codes and regulations ensures your roofing is compliant and correctly installed. Opt for our services for reliable roofing solutions that enhance the beauty and durability of your new home.

Commercial roofing requires specialized knowledge and experience, and our team offers comprehensive commercial roofing services tailored to your business's unique needs. We understand that a well-maintained roof is crucial for protecting your property and assets. From installations to repairs and maintenance, we provide solutions that address the specific challenges of commercial roofing, including flat roofs and low-slope systems. Our team uses high-quality materials and the latest installation techniques to ensure your commercial roof stands the test of time. We also offer maintenance plans to identify potential issues before they escalate, saving you both time and money. For reliable commercial roofing services choose our experienced professionals dedicated to your business's success.

Proper roof insulation is key to energy efficiency and maintaining comfortable indoor temperatures. Our roof insulation installation services cater to homeowners looking to enhance their property’s energy performance. We provide a variety of insulation materials and techniques, ensuring your roofing system is equipped to retain warmth in winter and keep cool in summer. Our experienced technicians will assess your current insulation and recommend the best solutions to reduce energy costs and improve overall comfort. With our expertise, you can make an informed decision about insulating your roof effectively.

Moss and algae growth can damage your roof over time, leading to costly repairs if not addressed. Our roof moss and algae removal services provide solution that enhances your roof's protection and appearance, ensuring its longevity. Our experienced team employs safe and effective techniques to remove moss and algae without damaging your roofing materials. We also offer preventive treatments to help reduce the risk of regrowth, keeping your roof in pristine condition. Investing in our moss and algae removal services means protecting your roof and extending its lifespan. We are dedicated to quality and customer satisfaction, ensuring that your home remains beautiful and well-maintained for years to come.

4 ply roofing is among the most durable and effective roofing systems available, especially for flat and low-slope roofs. Our team specializes in 4 ply roofing installations that offer superior protection against weather and wear. Constructed with multiple layers, 4 ply roofing provides an added safety net against leaks and moisture intrusion. Our experienced professionals ensure quality installation, utilizing materials that stand the test of time. We also emphasize regular maintenance and inspections to keep your roof in peak condition, identifying potential issues before they become serious. For comprehensive 4 ply roofing services trust our commitment to quality craftsmanship and detailed support.

Metal roofing continues to gain popularity among homeowners due to its longevity and efficiency. Our metal roofing services provide you with a range of options that are both aesthetically pleasing and highly functional. Our expert team specializes in the installation and repair of metal roofs, and we ensure that your roof meets both structural and aesthetic standards. Metal roofing is energy-efficient, fire-resistant, and durable, making it a savvy investment for any homeowner. Choosing our company for your metal roofing needs means you’re working with professionals dedicated to delivering the best service and results. We understand the importance of your roof and ensure that it is installed or repaired to the highest standards.

Regular roof maintenance is essential for ensuring your roof remains in excellent condition. Our roof maintenance services provide comprehensive inspections, cleaning, and minor repairs that keep your roof performing optimally. We recommend a routine maintenance schedule that allows us to identify potential issues before they become significant problems. Our skilled team knows what to look for and performs thorough assessments that address everything from minor leaks to debris buildup, ensuring your roof’s longevity. Investing in our roof maintenance services means preventing costly repairs down the road. Our commitment to quality and proactive care ensures that your roof remains a reliable protector of your home.

Skylights offer a unique way to bring natural light into your home, reducing the need for artificial lighting and enhancing aesthetic appeal. Our skylight installation services focus on quality, ensuring that your skylights are both functional and beautiful. Our team guides you through the selection process, helping you choose the right type of skylights for your needs, whether they’re fixed, vented, or tubular. Professional installation ensures that your skylights are properly sealed and insulated to prevent leaks and maximize energy efficiency. We also provide repair services for existing skylights, including addressing leaks and condensation issues. For expert skylight installation and repair trust our commitment to delivering exceptional results and customer satisfaction.

Sheet metal roofing is a durable and modern roofing choice that stands up to the elements while providing energy efficiency. Our sheet metal roofing services are designed to meet your needs for both commercial and residential properties. Utilizing high-quality materials, our team specializes in the installation of sheet metal roofs that not only offer excellent protection but also enhance the beauty of your home or business. Sheet metal roofing is lightweight, resistant to rust, and eco-friendly, making it a smart choice for any property owner. By selecting us for your sheet metal roofing needs, you’re investing in a team committed to quality workmanship and customer service. We aim to provide roofing solutions that exceed your expectations while delivering exceptional results.

When it comes to unforeseen roofing emergencies, swift action is critical. Our emergency roof repair services are available 24/7 to address any urgent roofing issues. Whether it's storm damage, leaks, or falling tree limbs, our skilled team is prepared to assess and repair your roof promptly. We understand that emergencies can cause panic, and our professionals work quickly to restore your peace of mind and protect your home. Choosing our team for emergency roof repairs means you’re working with dedicated professionals who prioritize your needs. Our commitment to quality, speed, and efficiency makes us a trusted choice for homeowners . Flat roofing is an excellent option for both residential and commercial properties. Our expertise in flat roofing installation and repair means that you get a functional and cost-effective roofing solution suitable for your specific needs. With the right materials and installation techniques, flat roofs can offer incredible flexibility, allowing for the optimization of your building’s space. Whether you’re interested in a flat roof for additional outdoor living space or energy efficiency, our team is here to assist you. At our company, we pride ourselves on providing high-quality flat roofing services . Our knowledgeable professionals work with you to choose the best materials, such as TPO, EPDM, or modified bitumen, tailored to your building’s requirements. We ensure that every installation is completed with precision, providing you with a roof that stands the test of time.

Waterproofing your roof is essential for protecting your home from water damage and ensuring the longevity of your roofing system. Our waterproofing services offer effective solutions that keep your roof watertight and secure. Our team utilizes high-quality waterproofing materials and techniques to create protective barriers that prevent leaks and moisture intrusion. Whether you have a flat or sloped roof, we customize our waterproofing strategies to suit your roofing needs and the unique features of your property. By choosing us for your waterproofing service, you can rest assured that your home is protected against water damage. Our commitment to quality and thorough workmanship means you receive results that safeguard your home for years to come. Rubber roofing, particularly EPDM and TPO systems, has become a preferred choice for many property owners due to its affordability and durability. Our rubber roofing services promise professionalism and efficiency, giving you a reliable roof designed to withstand the test of time. EPDM roofs are known for their flexibility and resilience, while TPO systems offer enhanced energy efficiency. We analyze your property’s needs and help determine the best rubber roofing solution for your building. As experts in installing and maintaining rubber roofing systems, we ensure that your investment is protected against leaks and other vulnerabilities. When you choose our company for rubber roofing, you can rest assured that you’re working with a team dedicated to delivering results. Our attention to detail and commitment to quality ensures functional and aesthetically pleasing roofing solutions tailored to your requirements.

Roof coatings are an effective way to protect your roofing system while improving its energy efficiency. Our roof coating services provide durable solutions that extend the life of your roof. Using high-quality, reflective coatings, we create a barrier that protects against UV radiation, moisture, and environmental damage. Our skilled team applies these coatings with precision, ensuring even coverage and optimal performance. When you choose our company for roof coating services, you’re investing in long-term protection for your roof. Our attention to detail and commitment to excellence ensure that your home benefits from enhanced durability and energy efficiency. Wood shake roofing blends rustic charm with modern performance, making it a desirable choice for homeowners looking to enhance their property’s appearance. Our wood shake roofing services offer a traditional option that adds character while providing reliable protection against the elements. With our expertise, you can achieve a stunning wood shake roof that complements the architecture of your home. We work with high-quality cedar shakes known for their longevity and performance. Our skilled installers ensure that your roof fits properly and is ventilated appropriately, optimizing its lifespan. By choosing us for your wood shake roofing needs in USA, you’re selecting a team that understands the intricacies of this roofing type. Our dedication to quality craftsmanship and exceptional customer service means you can enjoy the beauty and durability of wood shake roofing with confidence.

Maintaining effective gutters is crucial for preventing water damage to your home. Our gutter replacement services in USA offer homeowners reliable solutions that ensure efficient water drainage and enhance your property’s protection. Our team evaluates your current gutter system and recommends replacement when necessary, providing options that fit your architectural style and budget. High-quality materials ensure durability and performance, directing water away from your foundation and preventing erosion and leaks. Selecting us for your gutter replacement means working with professionals committed to quality and customer service. Our dedication to excellence ensures that your new gutters function flawlessly and protect your home effectively. Roof leaks can cause significant damage to your home if not addressed promptly. Our roof leak repair services focus on providing swift and effective solutions to minimize potential risks and costs associated with leaks. Our experienced team conducts thorough inspections to identify leak sources and provide reliable repairs tailored to your situation. We use top-quality materials and proven techniques to ensure a watertight seal that keeps your home safe from moisture and further damage. Why choose us for roof leak repairs? We’re committed to transparency and quality, ensuring that you are informed about the repair process and the steps we take to secure your roof. With our dedication to excellence, we strive to restore the integrity of your home efficiently and effectively.

Hot roofs are designed for optimal energy efficiency, making them an excellent option for homeowners looking to reduce energy costs. Our hot roof services focus on providing roofing solutions that are energy-efficient and compliant with current regulations. Our team specializes in creating hot roof designs that maximize thermal insulation while ensuring structural integrity. We use quality materials and techniques to ensure your hot roof performs optimally, saving you money on energy bills. Choosing our company means investing in a team that understands the nuances of hot roofing systems. Our commitment to quality and energy efficiency means your home benefits from modern, functional solutions. Storms can wreak havoc on your roofing system, leading to significant damage and costly repairs if not addressed quickly. Our storm damage roof repair services are designed to provide homeowners with prompt assistance following severe weather events. We offer emergency inspections and repairs, ensuring that your roof is safe and secure after a storm. Our skilled team is trained to identify and repair storm-related damage, whether it be missing shingles, structural issues, or water leaks. We use high-quality materials and techniques to restore your roof to its pre-storm condition. Choosing our company for storm damage repairs means you’ll receive prompt service and a commitment to quality that puts your needs first. We understand the urgency of the situation and work diligently to protect your home from further damage.

Cold roofs are designed to prevent heat buildup, reducing the risk of ice dams and improving energy efficiency in colder climates. Our cold roof services provide effective solutions that help protect your home from winter-related roofing issues. Our team specializes in the installation and maintenance of cold roofs, ensuring proper ventilation and insulation to manage heat flow effectively. We utilize high-quality materials that enhance your home’s energy efficiency and protect your roofing system from damage. When you choose us for cold roofing solutions, you’re opting for a team of experts committed to quality and customer satisfaction. Our thorough approach ensures that your roof functions optimally throughout the year, keeping your home safe and comfortable. Regular roof maintenance and cleaning are crucial for extending the life of your roofing system. Our roof maintenance services ensure that potential issues are identified early and addressed before they escalate into costly repairs. We recommend a comprehensive roof maintenance program that includes inspections, cleaning, and necessary repairs. Our team is equipped to handle debris removal, moss and algae cleaning, and routine inspections to keep your roof in top shape. By investing in regular maintenance, you can enjoy peace of mind knowing that your roof is well-kept and functioning optimally. Our commitment to quality ensures that your roofing system can withstand the challenges of weather and time.

Quality siding is essential in protecting your home from the elements while enhancing its curb appeal. Our siding services provide a variety of options, including vinyl, wood, and fiber cement, to meet your style and performance needs. Our experienced team assists with every step of the siding process, from selecting the right materials to professional installation. We ensure your home’s exterior is both visually appealing and functional, creating a protective barrier that keeps out moisture and pests. Choosing us for your siding installation or replacement means committing to quality craftsmanship and exceptional service. We are dedicated to transforming your home’s exterior while providing lasting protection against the elements. Properly functioning gutters are essential for protecting the integrity of your roofing system and preventing water damage to your home. Our gutter installation and repair services focus on providing effective solutions that manage rainwater effectively and enhance the longevity of your roof. We offer a variety of gutter styles and materials, ensuring a perfect fit for your home’s design and needs. High-quality gutters direct water away from your foundation, preventing erosion, leaks, and mold growth. Our skilled team ensures that every installation is performed carefully to provide maximum performance. Choosing us for gutter services means selecting a team dedicated to quality and customer satisfaction. We handle every detail with precision and expertise, making your gutter system a vital part of your home protection strategy.